I. Project Title: “Development of Low Cost Phasor Measurement Unit for WAMS applications”
II. Introduction: Synchronized Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) were first introduced in early 1980s, and since then have become a mature technology with many applications which are currently under development around the world. The occurrence of major blackouts in many major power systems around the world has given a new impetus for large-scale implementation of wide-area measurement systems (WAMs) using PMUs and phasor data concentrators (PDCs) in a hierarchical structure. The recent two severe power blackouts affected most of northern and eastern India on July 30 and 31, 2012. The 30 July 2012 India blackout affected over 300 million people and was the then-largest power outage in history, counting number of people affected, beating the January 2001 India blackout. The 31 July 2012 India blackout was the largest power outage in history. The outage affected over 620 million people, about 9% of the world population, or half of India's population, spread across 22 states in Northern, Eastern, and Northeast India. An estimated 32 Giga Watts of generating capacity was taken offline in the outage. Data provided by the PMUs are very accurate and enable system analysts to determine the exact sequence of events which have led to the blackouts, and help analyze the sequence of events which helps pinpoint the exact causes and malfunctions that may have contributed to the catastrophic failure of the power system. As experience with WAMs is gained, it is natural that other uses of phasor measurement units will be found. In particular, significant literature already exists which deals with the application of phasor measurements to system monitoring, protection, and control [1]-[2].
III. Objectives: The proposal aims at the design and development of the Measurement Unit of a PMU as per IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011. The aspects kept in focus while designing the PMU were that it should be:
• Low-price
• High-speed
• Accurate
• Re-configurable
• In accordance with the latest IEEE standard
This proposal is intended to simplify the complex embedded design features of a PMU by focusing on just the essential requirement of accurate computations as per IEEE standard C37.118.1-2011.
IV. Quarterly/Year-wise plan of work and targets to be achieved
S.No Activity Year 1 Year 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. Development of statistical data for the established systems already existed in the literature.
2. Procurement of Hardware
3. Designing necessary modules as per standard requirements
4. Development and Testing of PMU as per standard.
5. Results and research output publication.

15. Financial Assistance required
S. No. Item Estimated Expenditure in Rs.
I. Manpower (<15%) 45,000
II. Conference Registration Fee (<5%) 15,000
III. Travel (<10%) 30,000
IV. Collaborative meeting/ Workshops with Proposal title (<15%) 45,000
V. Field Visit (<10%) 30,000
VI. Contingency (<30%) 90,000
VII. Others with Justification (<15%) 45,000
TOTAL 3,00,000


16. Whether the faculty has received support for the research project from the UGC under Major, Minor or from any other agency (Yes/No)?: No

17. Research Credentials:
Conducted studies on “An Optimal PMU Placement method for Power System Observability” and V. Vijaya Rama Raju (Principal Investigator) has published paper in 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois (PECI) organized by the Power and Energy Systems Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA February 19-20, 2016.
Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is considered to be the most significant device in future power system measurements. It provides phasor information (both magnitude and phase angle) which can be used in the real time control of power systems. In this paper, optimal PMU placement problem (OPP) is articulated as a binary integer linear programming (BILP) using Balas additive algorithm (BAA). PMU installations will be decided by binary decision variables (0, 1) for full network observability while minimizing the number of PMU installations.
Existence of zero injection buses was also considered to reduce the number of PMUs used for observability. Power system connectivity matrix represented in binary form and simple heuristics are used to solve the problem. Optimal PMU placement problem has multiple solutions with equal costs. For further ranking of these multiple solutions measurement redundancy is used. The proposed algorithm has been tested on IEEE 9-bus, 14-bus, 24-bus, 30-bus systems.